Giving Zakat al-Fitr in Cash
As we approach Eid, wrapping up the blessed month of Ramadan, there’s a beautiful practice we partake in—giving Zakat al-Fitr. This act of charity is special, designed to ensure that every Muslim can celebrate Eid with joy, sharing in the bounty regardless of their financial status. Traditionally, this has been given in the form of food. But, a question that often bubbles up in our communities today is, “Can we give this charity in money instead?”
Let’s look at the varied perspectives that scholars, deeply rooted in their love for the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) teachings, have shared over the centuries:
1. First Opinion: Scholars like Malik, Al-Shafi’i, and Ibn Qudamah, have leaned towards the practice of giving in kind—food, as was done by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and many of his companions. They remind us that Zakat al-Fitr is about fulfilling an immediate need, ensuring everyone has food for the Eid celebrations. Their stance is grounded in the direct example set by the Prophet (peace be upon him), emphasizing that to give in kind is to adhere closely to his sunnah, his way.
2. Second Opinion: On the other hand, scholars from the Hanafi school, and figures like Umar ibn al-Khattab among the companions, saw flexibility in this practice. They recognized the potential for monetary charity to fulfill the same goal—ensuring the well-being and joy of every Muslim on Eid. Their argument rests on the principle that the essence of Zakat al-Fitr lies in its spirit of support and care, which can be fulfilled through monetary means as well.
3. Third Opinion: Then, there’s a third opinion, considered by scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah, who suggest that giving money could be permissible if it serves a greater need or brings about more significant benefit. This view is practical, acknowledging that the circumstances and needs of communities can vary greatly. It suggests that the form of our charity—whether food or money—should ultimately serve the underlying purpose of Zakat al-Fitr: to care for one another in the best way possible.
In sharing these views, my hope is not to prescribe one path over another; I practice the third, but to illuminate the richness and layers within fiqh. Each opinion is deeply rooted in a commitment to the actions of the salaf, out the values of Islam with integrity and kindness.
As we ponder over the best way to fulfill this beautiful obligation, let’s do so with a spirit of unity and love, guided by the principles of our faith and the diverse wisdom of those who’ve dedicated their lives to understanding its depths.
Suhaib Webb
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