The Default of Zakat al-Fitr Is What Most Benefits: Dr. Isam al-Sari
When the companions gave grains as Zakat al-Fitr, it wasn’t set in stone as the only way, especially according to the Hanafi school and many jurists who see giving cash as perfectly acceptable. They recognized that giving grains back then simply matched what the underserved needed. Hence, when clothes became a more straightforward option for zakat givers and more helpful for the underserved, Mu’adh advised the people of Yemen,
“Bring me clothes, either worn or new, as it is easier for you and better for the Messenger of Allah’s companions in Medina.”
He was essentially saying to switch to what was more practical and beneficial, moving away from what the Prophet – peace be upon him – had initially instructed with grains.
Mu’adh grasped that the real goal was to meet the needs of the underserved. The choice of grains was about fitting the circumstances of that time, suggesting that what we give can change depending on the situation, time, and place. So, there’s no need to insist on grains when money could serve better now.
In our era, giving cash aligns more closely with the underserved’s needs, thanks to its flexibility and direct way to address various needs, much like clothes did for the people of Yemen in the companions’ days.
Unlike grains, whose current utility might be limited, people might need essentials like clothing or shoes. Some jurists have mentioned, “The more a thing serves a benefit, the better it is to give it over others.“
The essence of Zakat al-Fitr is beautifully captured in the idea of preventing the need for the underserved to ask for help on Eid, as highlighted in the hadith, “Enrich them from asking on this day.” Anything that fulfills this purpose of enrichment on Eid fulfills the zakat requirement, indicating that just because grains were given in the Prophet’s time, peace be upon him, doesn’t mean cash is off-limits now; it’s about what best meets the need, not the form it takes.”
Dr. Isam al-Sari holds a PhD. in Usul al-Fiqh from al-Azhar university in Cairo.